Delegation in Nursing - 1873 Words

A Discussion of Various Perspectives on Delegation in Nursing Jessica Abbott University of Central Florida ABSTRACT: Delegation refers to the practice of a registered nurse assigning certain tasks and activities to other people while still maintaining responsibility for the actions of the others to whom responsibility has been delegated. The act of delegating assumes that the delegator has a certain amount of trust in the person to whom they delegate. Additionally, quality communication is paramount in maintaining superior patient care when delegating tasks to others. One signifigant obstacle to delegation is ensuring that the proper tasks are delegated to the appropriate individuals. The organizational structure and leadership†¦show more content†¦Resha s qualms about the particularities of the implementation of delegation don t detract from her general support for the practice of delegation as such. Statement of Counter View The main argument against the practice of delegating nursing responsibilities is that organizational structures often fail to ensure that the people receiving the delegated responsibilities are qualified to accept the delegation. Resha (2010) discussed this to some extent, but believed that the practice on the whole was worthy. However, it could be argued that by its very nature, delegation creates a discrepancy between the person performing a nursing action and the person responsible for that action. This could have negative consequences on quality of care, because if a nurse isn t responsible for her own actions, then she may perform her role less effectively than she would if she had to take responsibility for her performance. As Reising and Allen (2007) write, delegation may be encouraged as a way to decrease costs and deal with low staffing levels, but it can also put the organization at increased risk for law suits if carried out improperly. Both aspe cts of this warning are instructive. First, Reising and Allen seem to suggest that delegation primarily emerges as a result of practical considerationsShow MoreRelatedDelegations in Nursing813 Words   |  3 Pagesassistance. This scenario is not an uncommon possibility for the nursing practice. Nursing is a sophisticated profession that is constantly changing and requires specialized training and skills depending on the area of focus. If not properly trained, the result is a risk of harm to the patient and a possibility of legal actions against those who caused the harm. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (2014) states â€Å"because nursing care poses a risk of harm to the public if practiced by professionalsRead MoreDelegation Of State Boards Of Nursing1377 Words   |  6 PagesDelegation and Supervision. The secret to effective delegation is both as simple and as complex as the words the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) uses to define delegation: Delegation is transferring to a competent individual the authority to perform selected tasks in a selected situation. The nurse retains the accountability for delegation. (Case, 2010). Reviewing the literature, I found several resources to help the register nurse (RN) to delegate with confidence (Yoder-WiseRead More Nursing - Delegation of Work Essay593 Words   |  3 PagesNursing - Delegation of Work The National Council of State Boards in Nursing defines delegation as â€Å"transferring to a competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected situation† (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Resources section, 4). When delegating, the registered nurse (RN) assigns nursing tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) while still remaining accountable for the patient and the task that was assigned. Delegating is a managementRead MoreNursing Delegation Case Study780 Words   |  3 PagesDelegation: Case study of Ms. R and Ms. W One possible obstacle in the facilitation of interdisciplinary care is that staff members simply do not know about the available resources that they can offer to their clients. They may be aware that a nutritionist is on the staff, but are unclear how the nutritionist can help a client such as Ms. R, who may need advice about modifying her diet to ensure a healthy pregnancy. From the very beginning of their tenure at the organization, all new staff membersRead MoreSample Resume : Delegation For Nursing Practice2222 Words   |  9 Pages Delegation in nursing practice will be discussed in this essay. Delegation will be clearly and concisely defined and described as following: Delegation is a formal process through which a regulated health professional (delegator) who has the authority and competence to perform a procedure under one of the controlled acts delegates the performance of that procedure to another individual (delegatee) (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2014). A few perspectives related nursing delegationRead MoreDelegation: Nursing and Independent Living Environments Essay examples1763 Words   |  8 Pages Delegation--Authorizing an unlicensed person to provide nursing services while retaining accountability for how the unlicensed person performs the task. It does not include situations in which an unlicensed person is directly assisting a RN by carrying out nursing tasks in the presence of a RN. Unlicensed person--An individual, not licensed as a health care provider Verifies that the unlicensed person can properly and adequately perform the delegated task without jeopardizing the clients welfare;Read MoreCharge Nurses relating to Functional Model, Team Nursing Model, and Delegation It seemed like a2100 Words   |  9 PagesCharge Nurses relating to Functional Model, Team Nursing Model, and Delegation It seemed like a normal day coming into work, it was a Tuesday. 6:45 a.m. on a Medical Surgical Floor, the night shift was eager to give report so they could go home, and all the day shift nurses were drinking their coffee getting ready for the 12 hour shift ahead of them. My name is Staci Deland, I am a Registered Nurse on a Pediatric Medical Surgical Floor. This day I am talking about is about to become much busier thanRead MoreEffective Delegation : Necessary Skill For The 21st Century Nurse1682 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Delegation : Necessary Skill for the 21st Century Nurse Esther Ademiju Chamberlain College of Nursing NR-101 Transitions in Nursing Meaghan  Gerhardstein Fall 2015: Session A October 1, 2015 Delegation : Necessary Skill for the 21st Century Nurse Imagine yourself as a nurse, you have to take vital signs, calculate IO, assist with activities of daily living, feeding, mobility, etc., and still attend to your professional and managerial duties such as formulation of nursing diagnosesRead MoreDelegation Of The Nurses Association ( Ana )1289 Words   |  6 Pages Delegation in Nursing Practice The subject of delegation inevitably is discussed when considering the demands on Registered Nurses. Registered Nurses are the hub of communication regarding the patients’ condition, treatment, and well-being. The doctor, family, lab, radiology, respiratory, physical therapy, dietary, and even billing and housekeeping rely on the nurse for information and the transmission of information to others. The patient being the most important of all of these, but ifRead MoreFlorence Nightingale, The Founder Of Modern Nursing1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe process of delegation can be traced back to Florence Nightingale who is recognized as the Founder of Modern Nursing. â€Å"Let whoever is in charge keep this simple question in her head (not, how can I always do this right thing myself, but) how can I provide for this right thing to be always done?† (Nightingale, 1860, Chapter 3). With the increasing demands placed on the registered nurse and the challenges of cost contai nment efforts, it is vital in today’s nursing practice to equip the registered

Plastic Surgery As Bodily Reconstruction For Wounded Soldiers

Plastic surgery began as bodily reconstruction for wounded soldiers in World War I. The surgery developed in stages, starting with correcting traumatic injuries and deformed facial features. The more cosmetic focus began in the 1970’s, with creating â€Å"perfected† facial features and making aesthetically pleasing body parts. Cosmetic surgery boomed in the 1990’s, with 1.2 million procedures performed in the United States alone (plasticsurgery.org). The swiftness in which these procedures have infiltrated society has lead to a change in our view of the value of the body. The modern ease and accessibility of cosmetic surgery has intensified the need for external beauty and has influenced the loss of personal identity. Fascination with external†¦show more content†¦Patients opting for cosmetic surgery have a face in mind and it is usually a celebrity’s. In Abby Ellin’s article, several patients got plastic surgery just to look like a certain person. For example, 41 year-old Deborah Davenport spent 15,000 dollars on shaving cartilage from her nose, adding botox to her forehead, and pumping dermal filler into her cheeks to look like Kate Winslet (Galileo). While Ms. Davenport looked perfectly normal after her procedures, most often than not, people who get plastic surgery to imitate a celebrity usually end up disastrous. Kevin Fallon’s article mentions Claire Leeson, a woman who spent over 30,000 dollars on surgery to look like Kim Kardashian. The final result was admittedly dreadful (thedailybeast.com). While Davenport and Leeson had different results from their celebrity look-alike procedures, both claimed to be much happier after the surgery (Galileo, thedailybeast.com). Even if the face is not what would be considered actually beautiful, just the fact that the face resembles a celebrity seems to influence the perception that it is perfect anyway. This fascination and surety that celebrities contain the holy gr ail of external beauty reflects upon our certainty that there is a specific standard of beauty, and in order to fit in, we must perfect ourselves to meet this standard. There is a common belief that cosmetic surgery exists to make the body better and yet, there also seems to be an underlying notion that

1957 and Soil Free Essays

Pennsylvania State University Berks Campus Reading, Pennsylvania SOILS 101 – Introductory Soils Spring 2013 Course Description: SOILS 101 (GN) Introductory Soils (3 credits). A study of soil properties and processes and relationships to land use, plant growth, environmental quality, and society. Overview: This survey and foundational course introduces students to a broad range of subject matter from most sub-disciplines of soil science. We will write a custom essay sample on 1957 and Soil or any similar topic only for you Order Now The students study a range of soil characteristics and seek to understand their relationship to soil function, land use, plant growth, environmental quality, and society/culture. This course introduces students to the variety and complexity of soils on a local, national, and international scale. This introductory course in soil science introduces the student to the study, management, and conservation of soils as natural bodies, as media for plant growth, and as components of the larger ecosystem. This course presents basic concepts of all aspects of soil science including: composition and genesis; physical, chemical, and biological properties; soil water; classification and mapping; soil conservation; management practices; and soil fertility and productivity including practices of soil testing, use of fertilizers and manures, and liming. The course introduces the relationships of soil to current concerns such as environmental quality and non-agricultural land use. This course should instill awareness of soil as a basic natural resource, the use or abuse of which has a considerable influence on human society and life in general. This course is required or on a list from which students select for many environmental and agriculturalrelated majors. It is specifically listed as a prerequisite for many other SOILS courses and for several soils-related courses taught at Penn State. This course also satisfies the requirement for 3-credits in the natural sciences (GN), for non-science maojors or any student interested in soils, ecology, or the environment. Course Objectives: At the end of this course, students should be able to: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Appreciate the variety and complexity of soils. Describe the ways in which soils are an integral component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Use the technical terminology associated with the description and use of soils. Identify soil properties important to land use, environmental quality, plant growth and society/culture. Demonstrate skills required to make field observations and interpretations of soils for various uses. Retrieve and use information from a variety of sources for land use planning and soil management decisions. Explain the impact of land use and management decisions on agricultural productivity and sustainability, environmental and ecological health, and land degradation. Understand how soils can affect everyday decisions like how to develop a garden or where to build a house. – page 2 – Instructor: Dr. Mike Fidanza 234 Luerssen Office: 610-396-6330 Cell: 484-888-6714 E-mail: fidanza@psu. edu Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 9:00 am – 9:50 am, and 11:00 am – 11:50 am; or, by appointment (call or e-mail to schedule an appointment) Class Lecture: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 125 Luerssen Building, 10:00 am – 10:50 am. Required Textbook: Brady, N. C. and R. R. Weil. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. 3rd edition*. Pearson/Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. *or earlier editions are acceptable Grading: 4 exams †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 300 points †¢ lowest exam score dropped †¢ 3 exams X 100 points per exam = 300 points total 15 quizzes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 150 points †¢ 15 quizzes X 10 points per quiz = 150 points total Soils Writing Assignment . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 50 points †¢ Fertilizer Worksheet —————————————————————————————— ——–Total †¦.. 500 points Final Grade will be based on the following scale: Points Grade Points Grade ? 465 A 385 – 399 C+ 450 – 464 A350 – 384 C 435 – 449 B+ 300 – 349 D 415 – 434 B ? 299 F 400 – 414 B- Exams: Exam format is typically multiple choice, true/false, and matching. Exact content and format of each exam will be discussed in class by the instructor. The lowest exam score of the four exams will be dropped, therefore, only the top three exam scores will count towards the final course grade. Quizzes: Quiz format is typically multiple choice, true/false, and/or matching delivered online through the ANGEL course website. Exact content and format of each quiz will be discussed in class by the instructor and/or information will be available on the ANGEL course website. Soils Writing Assignment: To be explained in class. – page 3 Class Attendance and Etiquette: Attendance is highly recommended since some lecture information will not be found in the text, and handouts and other supplemental material will be available only on the day on which they are presented in class. Class attendance and participation may be considered toward your final grade. Attendance will be recorded on a random basis, however daily attendance may be recorded if absenteeism or lateness is a problem. Appropriate and respectful behavior is always expected. Also, please silence cell phones during class time. Academic Integrity: Students are expected to be familiar with the University Rules and Policies regarding academic integrity. Refer to the Penn State Berks Campus Student Handbook, or locate the document on Penn State’s website, which can be accessed through any computer terminal connected to the PSU Center for Academic Computing. Academic integrity is defined as the pursuit of scholarly activity free from fraud and deception. Academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to: cheating, failure to protect your work from others (or facilitating acts of academic dishonesty by others), plagiarism, fabrication of information or citations, unauthorized prior possession of examinations, submitting the work of another person or work previously used without informing the instructor, or tampering with the academic work of others. A student charged with academic dishonesty will be given oral and written notice of the charge by the instructor. If the student feels that they have been falsely accused, they should seek redress through informal discussions with the instructor (first), division or department head, dean, or CEO. If the instructor believes the infraction to be sufficiently serious to warrant referral of the case to the Office of Conduct Standards, or result in a grade of â€Å"F† for the student for the course, the student and faculty instructor will be afforded formal due process procedures outlined in the University Rules and Policies mentioned above. Academic dishonesty will be dealt with strictly and in accordance with Pennsylvania State University policy. Disclaimer: The class schedule, policies, statements, and assignments in this course are subject to change in the event of extenuating circumstances or by mutual agreement between the instructor and the students. **** Weather Emergency: Call 610-396-6375 for up-to-date Berks Campus information. **** – page 4 – Date: Jan Jan Jan 7 9 11 M W F Topic: Introduction and course administration Introduction to soil science Introduction to soil science (continued) Textbook Chapter: 1 1 1 Jan Jan Jan 14 16 18 M W F Soil formation Soil formation Soil formation 2 2 2 Jan Jan Jan 21 23 25 M W F NO CLASS – Martin Luther King Day Soil classification Soil classification –3 3 Jan Jan Feb 28 30 1 M W F Soil classification Exam #1, chapters 1, 2, 3 Soil physical properties 3 –4 Feb Feb Feb 4 6 8 M W F Soil physical properties Soil physical properties Soil physical properties 4 4 4 Feb Feb Feb 11 13 15 M W F Soil water Soil water Soil and the hydrologic cycle 5 5 6 Feb Feb Feb 8 20 22 M W F Soil and the hydrologic cycle Soil aeration and temperature Soil aeration and temperature 6 7 7 Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar 25 27 1 411 13 15 M Clays and soil chemistry W Exam #2, chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 F Clays and soil chemistry 8 NO CLASS – Spring Break M Clays and soil chemistry W Soil acidity and other properties F Soil acidity and other properties 8 –8 Mar Mar Mar 18 20 22 M W F Soil biology and ecology Soil biology and ecology Soil biology and ecology 10 10 10 Mar Mar Mar 25 27 29 M W F Soil organic matter Soil organic matter Soil organic matter 11 11 11 Apr Apr Apr 1 3 5 M W F Soil fertility Exam #3, chapters 8, 9, 10, 11. Soil fertility 12 –12 Apr Apr Apr 8 10 12 M W F Nutrients management and fertilizers Nutrient management and fertilizers Nutrient management and fertilizers 13 13 13 Apr Apr Apr 15 17 19 M W F Soil erosion Soil erosion Soil erosion 14 14 14 Apr Apr Apr 22 24 26 M W F Soil and chemical pollution Soil and chemical pollution Soil and chemical pollution 15 15 15 8 9 9 ************ April 29 – May 3: Final Exam Week (Exam #4, chapters 12, 13, 14, 15). ************ How to cite 1957 and Soil, Essay examples

Miniature Painting Essay Example For Students

Miniature Painting Essay Each of these points is taken into consideration by the judges on Selection Day. The miniature by virtue of its detail and the finest execution of medium must stand up to the closest inspection, whilst at the same time hold its own with good composition and tonal balance when viewed from afar, A wide variety of media is used on surfaces such as paper, Ivories, Ivories and others from specialist suppliers. Works also include those of enamellers and engravers. It is the great variety of subjects, media and techniques which serve to keep miniature art alive and a constant delight. In a top quality miniature every single detail is itself miniaturized, leading the eye own and down, so that with high magnification you may see the immaculate fineness of the brush strokes. A top quality miniature painting may take many hours to finish. The work requires the utmost concentration and very careful planning. Clean and dust-free conditions are essential where even one single grain of dust can present problems, when painting details are measured in parts of millimeters. The term miniature relates first Of all to technique and identification and only secondly to the size of a painting. One can produce a 12-inch painting which is also a miniature. The size Of a miniature is traditionally described as small enough to carry in a persons hand, pocket or bag. But this implies that sizes can vary enormously. Presumably, as long as the miniature technique is observed, a wall could be painted in miniature, even though the preciousness of the hand- held miniature would be lost. This technique is a specialized means of producing a prefect balance of color and detail in a series of thinly applied colors, intended to reflect light, within the boundary of a small frame. This does not mean that only traditional watercolors paint can be used. The technique produces the recognizable translucent and delicate look of the multilayered painting, but it can he applied using any of our present-day mediums. The word miniaturist, sometimes heard in the United States, is onto correct description tooth discipline of the miniature. miniature painting, or the art of the miniature, is the correct description of this enchanting and fascinating branch of tine art. Joan Willies] The Art of the Miniature A work of fine art in miniature is a particularly personal object that draws the viewer into an intimate, concentrated little World that is breathtaking in its execution. Every single detail is miniaturized The scale of the subject matter, the brush strokes; so that only With high magnification can one behold the immaculate details of the artists technique. The term miniature relates first of all to technique and as an identification and only secondly to the size Of a painting.

Building Stalins Cult of Personality Essay Example

Building Stalins Cult of Personality Essay What is the significance of propaganda throughout history? Why are the great rulers so great? How do rulers like Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini and many others manage to win peoples approval and support? All these questions can be answered with a single word propaganda. Propaganda has been helping great rulers to establish great states and it has also brought confidence and stability to these states. During the beginning of the 20th century Russia was suffering a crisis (The Stalin Cult: the Cult of Personality). After World War I and the Civil War, Russia had reached the pick of its downfall, so just when Russia needed someone that could bring back the order, Stalin and his cult of personality gave Russia a way out of the crisis (The Stalin Cult: the Cult of Personality).Using propaganda Stalin managed to unite the whole nation and, thus lead Russia out of the crisis. Soon after Stalins death it was Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 at the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party exposed Stalins Cult of Personality, coined the term Stalinism and began calling him Vozhd (meaning Leader) (Cult of Personality). This cult helped the Vozhd maintain control in the USSR, while propaganda and manipulation were massively used to extend and reinforce his cult of personality.Stalinist propaganda dates its beginning in the 1920s when its use was necessary due to the newly arisen power struggle for dominance in the USSR (The Struggle for Succession). Lenins death in January 1924 was a tragedy that affected the nation (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?). Upon his death a cult was formed, called the Lenin cult, which described him as the the greatest leader of all time and all nations (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?). When Lenin died he left over a political testament, calling for Stalins removal from his position as a secretary of the party. This document was potentially disastrous to Stalins career, but his skills and luck gave him the opportunity to discount it (Why Stalin and Not Trots ky?). After Lenins death there were five possible candidates for his successor (The Struggle for Succession). They were all Lenins personal choice: Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev and Bukharin (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?).Actually, it was Trotsky, who was the natural heir to Lenin, since he was the one to organize the October coup to manage the Red Army in the Civil War and was quite popular (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?). He had also helped Lenins rise to power (The Struggle for Succession). However, his chances of succeeding Lenin were probably more apparent than real. Trotsky was a poor administrator, who joined the Bolshevik party late, and his Jewishness was not an advantage in a country where Jews were widely blamed for the devastations done by communism (Stalin and The Lesser Gods). On the other hand, although far less known, it was more possible for Stalin to inherit Lenin (The Struggle for Succession). Since he was intellectually plain, a dry speaker and an awful writer, Stalin preferred to control and operate behind the curtains (The Struggle for Succession). He was a true manipulator, who used all possible, but well thought tactics to make people do obey his commands.Propaganda and manipulation was used in the 1920s to grant Stalin a victory in the ongoing power struggle. By 1922 Stalin was in a unique position to manipulate policies due to the fact that he belonged both to the Politburo (it set policy) and the Secretariat (it managed personnel) (Stalin and The Lesser Gods). To hold back Trotsky, he also entered in an alliance with Zinoviev and Kamenev, thus forming a triumvirate (The Struggle for Succession). The triumvirate dominated in the Politburo and also isolated their common rival (The Struggle for Succession).Aware of the power struggle arising and the deep affairs of his successors, Lenin tried to intervene and keep the party discipline, but the triumvirate gave orders and he was left banned from involvement in any government affairs (T he Struggle for Succession). Next, Stalin broke up the triumvirate to obtain undisputed personal leadership (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1). Then, in order achieve full control Stalin had to win the support of the party cadres, so he promised to provide a continued and stable leadership, to repel all of the democratic challenges and to maintain any privileges the country has gained (The Stalin Cult: the Cult of Personality).Not only Stalin concentrated on manipulation of the party, but immediately after Lenins death he also endorsed an extravagant quasi-Byzantine cult of the departed leader in order to start building his own cult of personality and undermine his opponents authority (The Struggle for Succession). He rewrote history in such a way as to make himself appear much closer to Lenin than he was in fact (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1). Since people were vulnerable at that time it was easy for them to be convinced in Stalins new reproach that in its own way looked very much like Lenins. Stalin indeed loved Lenin and wanted to prove his love not only to other people but to himself as well (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1). He succeeded in doing so because people began putting their names together (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1).Laughter in the village,Voice behind the plow,Lenin and Stalin,And these verses now (by Pasternak) (Stalin and The Cult of Personality2).Stalin finally managed to mislead the public that he was closer to Lenin than Trotsky was and this made him the ideal choice for the new Leader. After getting rid of Trotsky, Stalin also used propaganda to erase his image from any popular photographs of the time (look at Appendix Propaganda #1, #2) Thus, because of the most powerful weapon propaganda and manipulation the power struggle was ended in favor of Stalin.On assuming full control over the USSR, Stalin began major reforms with the help of propaganda in order to rebuild the country. Stalins policy differed from Leni ns in that he believed that men worked for communism. That is why he instantly ended the New Economic Policy and introduced the First Five Year Plan (Revolution by Design). At the time mobilization was the major desire and for it to be fulfilled a harshly controlled propaganda was engendered (Revolution by Design). Among factories, farms and all of the public places appeared vociferous posters in infinite varieties and quantities (Revolution by Design).As Gustav Klutsis said: the country was on the attack! to fulfill the new plan, to exceed the quotas in any possible way, to secure the USSR (The Struggle for Succession). Klutsis converted the techniques of the 1920s into an illustration of the plan (Revolution by Design). Although he used simple colors for his art, many were astonished by the dynamics, which were imposed by newly introduced perspectives and proportions (Revolution by Design). All of this was juxtaposed with bold, florid typography in order to emphasize and stress th e heroic age (look at Appendix Propaganda #3) (Revolution by Design).Right after this wild age, Stalin announced a Second Five Year Plan to start immediately (The Struggle for Succession). It had to deal with the entire leniency allowed to writers and artists at the times of Trotsky and Lenin (The Long History of Censorship). Lenin and Trotsky may have introduced this new policy since they have realized how easy intellectuals could convey new ideas in society. As a result, the years of this new order saw a great degree of novelty in both literature and arts, which was harshly contrasting to the general political severity of the regime (The Long History of Censorship). However, upon the annunciation of the Second Five Year Plan all leniency came to its end (The Long History of Censorship). Thus, the censorship and the purging became even more convoluted and ominous (The Long History of Censorship).In the Second Five Year Plan all efforts were directed in another direction repressio n (Revolution by Design). In 1934 Stalin embarked first on a purgation of the Party and then of the army (Revolution by Design). Those who were suspected to disagree or even lack enthusiasm were either sent to labor camps or executed (Revolution by Design). Many artists from the earlier period died at that time and one of them is Klutsis, who died in the camps (gulags) (Revolution by Design). Still, in art, literature and any form of expressions of that time one theme dominated and that was the role of the infallible Vozhd Joseph Stalin (The Long History of Censorship). His image appeared anywhere, in any kind of context he achieved a status of a demi-god in the USSR (The Struggle for Succession). He believed he was the great leader and teacher of the Soviet people (look at Appendix Propaganda #4) (Stalin Controls His Image).He wanted more than anything to be represented as peoples closest friend, their comrade and successor of Lenin (Stalin Controls His Image). The end justified the means and it did not matter if a few photos had to be adjusted. Spontaneity and originality were driven out by terror and fear, thus producing the new art the art of Social Realism (The Struggle for Succession). It dominated in the USSR long after Stalins death in 1953 (Revolution by Design). Stalin has made a lot of reforms to rebuilt the USSR, which all differ in methods and tactics, but they all have at least one thing in common the usage of propaganda and manipulation.Stalins cult of personality is not by chance because it succeeded to unify the nation, stabilize the state and therefore bring Russia back to power. Even though his reign was primarily related to terror, horror and slaughter, it also helped Russia gradually get out of the crisis it suffered due do previous wars. To rise to power, he built his own by manipulative tactics and propaganda, which on the other hand built Stalins image. His name will be remembered in history, for he will always remain the man of st eel.

Gullivers Travels1 essays

Gullivers Travels1 essays At first Gullivers travels comes off as a fantasy/adventure, but in actuality its a satirical commentary on society in Johnathan Swift. It starts off with Gulliver talking about himself. Later he gets shipwrecked and ends up in Lilliput, where the people are 6 inches tall. At first they think Gulliver is an enemy, but then realize he is no threat. He is taken to the palace and housed in a cursed temple. Gulliver is amazed at how silly the governments rules are, for example to gain entry to the court the candidates must petition to the emperor. After the emperor gets 5 or 6 petitions he sets up a competition in which the candidates must do the Dance on the Rope, whoever jumps the highest without falling gets the job. The Lilliputians employ Gulliver to help in their war against Blefuscudians, but he refuses and that is the beginning of his downfall. He then gets transported to Brobdingnag, where the people are 60 ft. tall. At first they think Gulliver is an animal of some sort, but when they realize he can communicate they house him with a farmer. This place is very different than Lilliput, the king is appalled when Gulliver tells him about England, and asks why the people are so vicious and mean. However Gulliver feels like a freak there, and one day while he was out with the king and queen, an eagle swoops down and carries him off to drop him in the sea. Some sailors then rescue him. But yet again there is a shipwreck, and he finds himself in a world inhabited by Houyhnhnms, a creature that looks like a horse, yet has an amazing intellect. The Houyhnhnms are amazed that Gulliver is intelligent and take him in. Later Gulliver realizes why they are amazed; the only humans in Swifts writing style reflects what he thinks of the characters or actions, without telling the reader outright. Also keep in mind that this is a social c ...

Vision and Mission of Japan Airline Group Essay

Vision and Mission of Japan Airline Group - Essay Example It embraces complying with environmental laws and regulations, promoting efficient use of energy and resources, waste reduction and recycling, selecting environment-friendly products, and social contributions. The Japan Airlines Group Code of Conduct clearly articulates the values that the company pursues with regard to different aspects of its business activities. On the other hand, the group’s vision statement, although stating how the company sees its development and emphasizing global expansion, specifics of the supporting industry, and focus on differentiation, would benefit from more precise and quantifiable approach to what the Japan Airlines want to become. For instance, their vision statement may be â€Å"to become the world leading company in terms of safety† or â€Å"#1 Airline in the flights within Asian region†. The mission statement of the JAL Group is as follows: â€Å"Proud to be the largest domestic network in the industry, we bring peoples, their cultures and their hearts closer together, contributing to peace and prosperity in Japan and beyond. All this is predicated on a relentless commitment to flight safety. We strive to become a world-class air transportation group, one that is consistently chosen by our customers, and maximizes corporate value in pursuit of our fundamental policy of sharing the value we create with all our stakeholders. The JAL Group now is spreading new wings of trust, preparing for a renewed push forward† (Annual Report 2005, retrieved April 12, 2006). Overall, the mission statement of the Japan Airline Group can be assessed very positively. It reflects the company’s philosophy and its self-concept, clearly indicates what products and markets the company offers, how it sees its role in the society and what are the factors contributing to its success and growth.

Robinson Crusoe As A Fully Secular Book And A Deeply Religious One Essay

Robinson Crusoe As A Fully Secular Book And A Deeply Religious One - Essay Example He was a tough man who had led a tough life: lifted as a dissident in the London of the Great Plague and the Great Fire; continuing Newgate penitentiary and the ridicule in ruined middle age; working as a top secret agent and an outrageous journalist until locked up again for debt and disloyalty. Defoe died old, and so might be accounted as a survivor, but he had beared a good distribution of authenticity, and his novels mirror that fortitude. Bloom studies for (1998, Pg 5-6), Defoe appears to be the slightest ironic of writers, and up till now Crusoe's tale is well versed by an irresistible irony. A fidgety vagrant, driven to travel and escapade by forces that he (and the person who reads) cannot understand, Crusoe is restricted to a loneliness that should to infuriate him by rotating him toward an intolerable inwardness. Nevertheless his wisdom succeeds, in spite of his obvious captivity. Defoe takes the contradictory path from the psychologist's path as he explains the consequences of sentiments on the body, not on the mind. Nowhere is this sturdy than in Crusoe's anguish as he visions a shipwreck: "After we had rowed, or rather driven about a league and a half, as we reckoned it, a raging wave, mountain-like, came rolling astern of us, and plainly bade us expect the coup de grace. It took us with such a fury, that it overset the boat at once; and separating us as well from the boat as from one another, gave us no time to say, "O God!" for we were all swallowed up in a moment." (Chapter 3, Wrecked On A Desert Island) Robinson Crusoe As A Fully Secular And Deeply Religious Book According to Ritchie (1997, Pg 98-99), Robinson Crusoe, it might be, is a story in focus. It is a masterwork, and it is a stunning success mainly because Defoe has all through kept constantly to his own intelligence of viewpoint. It is, we know, the tale of a man who is terrified, after many dangers and escapades, unaided upon a desert island. The meager proposal threat and loneliness and a desert island is sufficient to rouse in us the hope of some far land on the confines of the world; of the sun rising and the sun setting; of man, remote from his kind, threatening alone upon the nature of culture and the weird ways of men. "But in reality there are no sunsets and no sunrises; there is no solitude and no soul. There is, on the contrary, staring us full in the face nothing but a large earthenware pot. It was the first of September 1651; that the hero's name is Robinson Crusoe; and that his father has the gout." (Chapter 1, Start In Life) Robinson Crusoe thinks of God: "Sometimes I would expostulate with myself, why providence should thus completely ruin its creatures.... But something always return'd swift upon me to check these thoughts." (Chapter 1, Start In Life) 'God does not live". Crusoe believes of Nature, the fields "adorn'd with flowers and grass, and full of very fine woods," (Chapter 1, Star

Role of Social Media in Higher Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of Social Media in Higher Education - Essay Example Social media also contains design applications that establish virtual social spaces encouraging interaction, in that way enhancing the appeal of the technology. There has been increased use of social media in higher education and this literature review gives an in-depth analysis of various scientific investigations. In this age where online sites including Facebook, Twitter, Live Journal, Instant Messenger, campus blogs and Web Shots, students in higher institutions of learning are using online sites as the major medium of communication. As anticipated, this medium of communication presents students with ethical decisions on acceptable behavior, self-disclosure, and social propriety. Owing to the fact that the extensive use of social media sites has posted numerous problems for students and administrators, the book seeks to give professional guidance to policymakers and higher education professionals. Online Social Networking on Campus: Understanding what matters in student culture is a certified guide for student affairs administrators and higher education facilities that carefully analyze the use of social media sites and their use to develop relations in the institutions and outside the institutions. More importantly, the book looks into how college students use social media sites to explore and establish their identities. The findings in this book are got from surveys, interviews, and data from focus groups. Furthermore, the text gives an ethnographic perspective on social networking that helps information technology administrators, student affairs administrators and members of the faculty get a better understanding of the use of college media among college students. Students in higher institutions of learning communicate using social media sites more than face-to-face communication.  

Coca Cola Entry Methods and Strategy Analysis

Coca Cola Entry Methods and Strategy Analysis Introduction Since the Coca-Cola was formulated by pharmacist Dr. John Stith Pemberton in Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia in the U.S., passing by 140 years it became the worlds largest soft drink company in term of manufacturer, distributor and marketer in non-alcoholic area, and operates in more than 200 countries servicing over 16 million people different Coca-Cola products every day. The products in Coca-Cola company including sparking drinks and still beverages such as waters, juices and juice drinks , teas , coffees , sports drinks, and energy drinks. (Coca-Cola website 2010) Brand as the definition is A name, a sign, symbol or design or combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of either one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate the from the competitors (Kotler 1984, p442) . Brand is a symbol, an attitude and a culture to the people which can show their own personalities and life. A good brand is not only a name and a promise is not only a memory in peoples mind however it can influences peoples life. The brand Coca-Cola now is one of the most valuable brand ($66,667 million) including 500 soft drink brands in the company. Beside the most valuable brand Coca-Cola, the company still have another 12 brands which are over $10 hundred million consist of Diet coke, Sprite, Fanta, Coca-Cola zero, Glaceau, Powerade Minute Maid , Georgia etc(Coca-Cola website 2010), (annual report 2009) Foreign direct investment (FDI) FID which means investment in manufacturing and service facilities in a foreign country with an intention to engage actively in managing them-is another facet of the increasing integration of national economies. (Kotabe Helsen) The biggest investment in foreign market is direct investment, as the company investment the new manufacture in the foreign country to develop their local product and easy to control the price come from the raw material details. Such as HP make the direct investment in some majored market around the world, including India. (Kotler and Armstrong). Generally the foreign direct investment can help the company developing deeper relationship with government, customers and local supplier, at the same time improved their image in the target country because they create jobs. Also the foreign direct investment have the disadvantages like government changing , falling markets, frankly speaking the company have no chose but can build the effective operations to accept this. This first Coca-Cola bottling manufacture factory was established in Beijing in 1981, to got the benefits from direct investment, until now there are 35 bottling company and 29 manufacture factory for Coca-Cola products in china, more than 30,000 people working in Coca-Cola,99% stuff are Chinese local . Network models (alliances and joint ventures) Alliances An operate joint venture is an agreement for the partners to collaborate but does not involve any equity investment. (Kotabe Helsen) For the fierce of the business, more choose face to the customers in the market, however how can the company satisfy the customers multi-choice of the produce is an impotent to the company management. However the marketing partnership will be the first choice to enhance the value to customers. For instance two different company become to alliance their retailers has to be treat they are customer too, cause they may not in the same industry and market, therefore two different company to be alliances can support their sales channel ,design and implemented co-operative advertising campaigns. (Keller, aperia, georgson2008) 2000 in china , Coca-Cola and Lenovo (top technologies company in china) home computer together becoming to the marketing partner, with Lenovos high-tech image to match the Internet Express, Coca-Cola with this alliances for the first step to connected with internet and also it is a required of the development of the technology. In Chinese technology marketing, Lenovo has hundreds of stores and thousands of dealers spread all over the country, with the lager channel system, Coca-Cola to be well -know brand in china .(Lenovo website 2010) Joint ventures Joint ventures is the participation of two or more companies in an enterprise in which each party contributes assets, owns the new entity to some degree, and share risk.(Hollensen 2004) Joint ventures as the important strategy to the company developing their global business, before the FDI (Kotabe Helsen) most of the company choose corporation with the local company to help them entry the new marketing, therefore the most of the local company have majority market share in their industry, so it is easily and fast to the foreign company to introduce the product and build their services net work in the new marketing. Two top companies in the world Coca-Cola and nestle joined marketing force called Coca-Cola and nestle refreshments(CCNR) as the beverage partners worldwide (BPW)since 2001, the fifth-fifty joint venture held by the two companies. The joint ventures concentrate on the reedy-to-drink tea excluding the US and Japan, probably create the new values for all shareholders both of two companies. Before to cooperate with Coca-Cola, Swire Groups services consisted of property, aviation, beverage, marine services, industry industrial; COFCO is the largest oil and foodstuffs import and export company in china, also have food manufacture, hotel management and financial services, list by the magazine as one of the top 500 companies in the world; the Kerry group also the top oil and foodstuffs company have the high market share in china. In china Coca-Cola with the three partners in a joint venture bottling plants-Swire Group, Kerry Group and COFCO (China Oil Foodstuffs Corporation), responsible for the implementation of the beverage production, sales and building the marketing channels. The responsibilities for Coca-Cola are brand promotion, marketing development and control the liquid forms of cooperation. (Annual report 2009) (COFCO website). Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary Chinese culture Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture (Hofstede 1980, p21). To understand the different culture in different countries is a main principle for the global company enters the foreign, unknown market. Some of the culture elements like history, religion, ethnicity, family, language, social class, politics, income, etc, are very important when the company doing the business in foreign counties, so according to the different culture in different country to make the company localization strategy is helpful to the company for the long-term business to entry the new global market. China is one of the worlds oldest history of more than 5,000 years, has the territory area of 9.6 million square km, with the sea area of about 4.73 million square km, second largest country in the world. (China culture 2010). Coca-Cola in china While Coca-Cola was succeeded in penetrating nearly every country of the world, it has never been able to separate itself from the image of overpowering US brand (Hollensen 2004). For help to raise the international profile of the brand further Coca-Cola entry the third biggest country in the world -china. Therefore Coca-Cola is one of the earliest US company entries Chinese marketing since 1927. The first bottling manufacture factory established in Shanghai and Tianjin, this is the first time that Chinese people drink the new types, high-quality drinks. In 1930, in Qingdao the third bottling factory was established, till 1948 Shanghai become the first city outside Unites exceeded sales 100 million boxes. (Coca-Cola website 2010) After the restored diplomatic relations between china and the Unites States in 1979 , the first 28,000 boxes of bottled and canned Coca-Cola products were shipping from Hong Kong to mainland china to sales, since the Chinese marketing opening to the global ,the first Coca-Cola bottling manufacture factory was established in Beijing in 1981, until now there are 35 bottling company and 29 manufacture factory for Coca-Cola products in china, more than 30,000 people working in Coca-Cola,99% stuff are Chinese local . over the past 5 years of business in china the Coca-Cola company to be the main leadership in Chinese soft drink market, china become the worlds third largest market for Coca-Cola as well.(Coca-Cola website 2010) Segmentation (Kotler and Armstrong) statistics the definition of market segmentation as involves individuating a market in to smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviours that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes. Market segmentation is the subdividing of a market into distinct subsets of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected as a target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix. (Kotler 2010) The major segmentation elements for consumer markets are: Geographic, Demographic, psychographic and Behavioural. (Kotler and Armstrong2010) Developing the global businesses for the geographic and operating segmentation Coca-Cola divided the world into six parts: Eurasia, Africa, Europe, Latin American, North American and Asia Pacific.(Annul report 2009) Coca-Cola company purchase the vehicles for the factory to responsible for the drinks to retailers and giving free refrigerators, umbrellas to retailers, the company trying to find the different ways to perfect their customer services. once the people will think about Coca-Cola when they want to drink ,no matter where you are ,you can fine a Coca-Cola around you ,like grocery stores, restaurants, street vendors, convenience stores, movie theaters and amusement parks, the products covered among many others public squares. (Coca-Cola website 2010) (Annul report 2009) Therefore the fierce completion push the company must provide more products to satisfy the customers choice, for the entry the variety beverage field Coca-Cola try to transform itself into a localized comprehensive. on the other hand Coca-Cola was alliances with one of the Chinese largest internet services website companyTencent to developing their youth marketing in china, the star product of Tencent company is QQ (similar with MSN , is a instant message software), until march 5, 19:52:58 ,Tencent QQ announced that the number of the current users exceeded 100million .with this cooperation ,Coca-Colas iCoke website (www.icoke.cn) introduced the use of 3D QQ Tencent game show , QZONE personal space, QQ theme packages ,to be the first comprehensive online community for young consumers with a new experience of communication.Listen Read phonetically Target market and positioning strategy A target market is a chosen segment of market that a company has decided to serve. (David Jobber 2010 p 261) A clear target is helpful to the company to understand the costumers demand and favorite, easier to design the target product to the target customers. For instance CNN target its news program me, that is why CNN has globally, concentrate to the distribution effort in to hotels room, for the business people they can see the CNN news wherever they are.( David Jobber 2010) There are 3 key points of the Coca-Cola company-quality, customers and consumers. As the leader of beverage market, in the fierce international competition, Coca-Cola company does not pre-localization strategy, as the first global company to annoy the new localization theory think local, act local to the whole world, the main principle about this theory is relevant to the basic conditions of the different countries to make different decisions and strategy. Since the Coca-Cola has the 30% market share in US, the company theory is to satisfy every customers demand, the aim for the whole company to make the everywhere and easy to buy, so pervasiveness, price, value, preference to be the sales goal for Coca-Cola Company .The Coca-Cola Company is always Been the one of the first enter to developing marketing and build their strong positioning. Coca-Cola will no longer focus on formal product but it committed to expand its beverage varieties. From the style of oolong tea to a new era of mixed fruit drinks, high-calorie energy drink, or even to the most basic drink-water. Coca-Cola company follow give the world a coke, begin according to peoples teats in different countries to tailored drinks. Marketing mix Chinese marketing mix marketing mix is the set of market tools the firm uses to implement its marketing strategy. The major marketing mix tool is classified into four board four groups, called the four Ps of marketing: product, price, place, promotion (Kotler and Armstrong 2010 p 36) Product strategy Produce decision involves deciding what goods or services should be offered to a group of customers (David Jobber 2010 p 17) A good whatever the design, the brand, the price, the main objective should be according to the customers demand. The most important element is new product development. Because the change of the technology and taste, product become out of fashion probably or defeated by the competitors, so company should replace them to satisfying customers needs. As the developing of the society, more and more pay attention about their quality of living and health, people in order to keep their weight to reduce to eat some high energy food and even drinks.co ca-ca la at this time to be the extension of the market to made the coke without sugar and no calories but plenty of taste called diet coke in 1982, within two years it had become to the top diet soft drink in the world. In 2008 another successful product Coca-Cola zero was published. (Coca-Cola website) China has almost four or five thousand years history to drink tea, to the Chinese people tea is not just drink it is a type of culture. For this especially culture Coca-Cola made the product strategy for Chinese marketing to sale Nestea ice rush lemon tea, and design a new product for Chinese people called Smart to enhance the marketing competitions. Pricing strategy Pricing strategy is a key element and basic element of the marketing mix, for instance, the Spending on product design (product), advertising and salespeople (promotion), Transportation and distribution (place). So the pricing strategy should be very clear about objective, ethos, factor and influencing, and also the discount and allowance in some transactions. (David jobber 2010) The main principle in Chinese economic marketing are vast land and large numbers of population, varieties raw materials, nevertheless the another issue of the marketing is the low cost of the labor force. However compared the product price between china and other countries, the price advantages is obviously appeared. Place strategy Place involves decisions concerning the distribution channels to be used and their management, the locations of outlets, methods of transportation and inventory levels to be held. The aim of the place strategy is to choose the right time and place to do available produce and service. (David Jobber 2010 p 19) To build an effective distribution channel is a best way to cooperate to the retailers, and wholesalers, because they will fine the good way to sale the product and also analyses the market to help the marketer to change the marketing planning at the first time. The Coca-Cola s partner in china have the effective marketing occupation, the Swire group occupied southern part and central part market ,Kerry Groups business including North , Southwest, and Beijing, COFCO control sites including the northwest, northeast, Hunan, Hainan, and other areas, so for the share market area Coca-Cola s sales market channel like a big net hold the whole China. Promotion strategy Promotion mix: advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, public relations, direct marketing and online promotion.(David jobber 2010, p18) With the globalization of trade, many best international companies gradually enter the Chinese marketing, the best way to publicity is advertising, the effective advertising strategy for the foreign company must be care the basic conditions of the target country and the domestic customers demand. For the long term Coca-Cola advertising in china is coupled with the US vision of the Chinese commentary, the advertising was full of typical American style and American personality .Since 1999, Coca-Cola have been adjusted their advertising strategies in china , for the first time the Chinese stars , the traditional mascot ,family relations and friendship appeared in the advertising stories. The localization in china also appears on product packaging the most successful one produced for Chinese traditional festival- New Years Day, they put the 12 zodiac in the cans (this is the first souvenir to use Chinese theme around the world, worthy to collected and commemorative) for this new packaging Coca-Cola use Chinese culture to design the cans with 12 animals. Also as the New Year gift Coca-Cola change the normal size to family Value Pack, for another point of view satisfied the costumers demands. Coca -cola is the longest-serving sponsor since 1928. 2008 was the fantastic year for Coca-Cola when china held the Olympic game in Beijing; it is create a unique opportunity to the world to understand a new china and new Coca-Cola china. another agreement was signed at the great wall in Beijing between Coca-Cola company and IOC about sponsor responsible ,from 2009 to 2020 during winter Olympics in Vancouver, summer games in London and Olympic games in 2014,2016, 2018 until 2020.(Coca-Cola website) (BBC news) Conclusion As the sum up of all factors and model during Coca-Colas global business strategy, for a past 140 years Coca-Cola use their product, brand, cultural to infiltrate into the propelss life and impression of the taste from generation to generation. For the fierce of the competition and development of economic and technology ,Coca-Cola will meet more challenge and good competitors in the future, how can they conquer everything and according to methodthink global, act local,and still following the company work give to the world a Coca-Colais a worthy question need to considering in the next step. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary Appendix (Finger 1. The list of Coca-Cola products) PRODUCTS SERVED AT THE WORLD OF Coca-Cola (except US) Product/Brand Country of Sale / Group Stoney Tangawizi Tanzania / Africa Fanta Exotic Fruit Punch Uganda / Africa Krest Ginger Ale Mozambique / Africa Sparletta Sparberry Zimbabwe / Africa Bibo Candy Coco-Pine South Africa / Africa Sunfill Mint Djibouti / Africa Bibo Kiwi Mango South Africa / Africa Sunfill Blackcurrant Mauritius / Africa Smart Apple China / Asia Sprite Ice India / Asia Fanta Apple Kiwi Thailand / Asia Smart Watermelon China / Asia Crushed Lemon Bahrain / Asia Nestea Ice Rush Lemon Tea China / Asia Aquarius Citrus Taiwan / Asia Vegitabeta Japan / Asia HI-C Ume Japan / Asia Beverly Italy / Europe Fanta Magic (Blue Grape) Estonia / Europe Mezzo Mix Germany / Europe Kinley Bitter Lemon England / Europe Fanta Pineapple Greece / Europe Nestea Raspberry Iced Tea Spain / Europe Nestea Lemon Bulgaria / Europe Nestea Peach France / Europe Lift Manzana Chile / Latin America Fanta Kolita Costa Rica / Latin America Inca Kola Peru / Latin America Simba Guarana Paraguay / Latin America Ciel Aquarius Jamaica Sun Mexico / Latin America Delaware Punch Honduras / Latin America Nestea Light Peach Brazil / Latin America Nestea Mango Mexico / Latin America Finger 3. Some of the Coca-Cola product in china (some of localization) (Finger 4. Specific product designed for Chinese marketing) (Figure 5: Coca-Cola alliances with Lenovo to public the Coca-Cola /Lenovo laptop) (Figure 5: Coca-Cola to be the sponsor of Beijing Olympic Game 2008) (Figure 5: Coca-Cola alliances with Tencent) (Figure 6: the spread of the bottling factory in china)

The Death of an Idol Essay -- Personal Narrative

When I was young, my mom took me along everywhere. At least once a month, we would travel to Oregon to visit my Aunt Kathy. I would go to the dark and creepy basement to play with my cousins, Carly and Marni. Together, we usually played with little Carebear figurines. I started to grow close to my cousins, especially Carly, even though she was seven years older than me. Her kindness made me feel warm and welcome. Though she got older, it seemed that I never grew. I always looked up to her and her dedication to everything. My mom used to take me to all of Carly's sporting events in high school. I just loved cheering her on. Whenever she was on the basketball court, she always found time to wink at me in the crowd. I even made big posters to take with me when she made it all the way to state for the three-point contest. After high school, Carly decided that she didn't want to stay around anymore. She wanted to go to college away from home. Since she was such a great student, she figured she'd be fine. Carly decided to attend Hofstra University in New York. We promised to be pen pals. Well, that lasted about a year. I was finally growing up, getting busy, and we were losing touch. When we did write, all that I heard of were the boys she dated, and that her A's were dropping to C's. Every once in a while, I would ask my aunt how Carly was doing. The only answer I ever got was "She's fine." A couple of years later, we ... ...at was the day a letter came in the mail for Carly. She had passed her CPA exam. My Uncle Don was the fire chief of the town, so the funeral was full of firemen and police officers. The procession was even led by a fire truck. I look back now and wish that I could have spent more time with Carly. What exactly was so important that the two of us didn't have time for each other? Even though we had some bad times, I'll always remember the good. I think that we all live a life that is already planned. She skipped her time to go, and got another chance. I'm grateful that in that period I got to reunite with her. I hope that I can live her dreams through my life. After all, she is my idol.

Pupil

Concert Music Is one of the most Important art expressions, lots of feelings and values can be expressed, and of course lots of stories can be told too. I like many music styles, from classical music to rock and even folk music. One of my favorite musicians is Sting, he is a great singer, bass/doubles player, a great song writer and an actor too. His style is a mixture of many styles, such as pop, Jazz, blues, soul, reggae and much more. One of my favorite songs Is â€Å"Shape of my heart†, Sting Is a brilliant and clever clausal, a great song writer and one hell of a performer.I love the mood, emotion and passion of Sting's music, and there are so many songs you can really connect to. With incredible musicianship, Sting combines rock, jazz and blues like nobody else, and his distinctive, powerful voice never disappoints. My favorite album is the Nothing Like the Sun Sting was born on October 2, 1951 in Newcastle-upon-Tone, a large industrial city in Northumberland. His real n ame Is Gordon Mathematics Samara. HIS mother had a miscalculation. She taught her son to the wonderful world of music by teaching IM to play the pianoforte his childhood.An American drummer Stewart Copeland noticed him,and persuaded him to do rock. He got the nickname â€Å"Sting† because he loved to wear black sweaters in a gold stripe, which made him look like a bumblebee. In 1981, Sting left the group,and in 1985 he released his first solo album â€Å"The Dreamed The Blue Turtles†. The most popular songs 0 Russians 0 Roseanne C] Englishman In New-York CLC All For Love 0 When We Dance 0 Brand New Day CLC I'll Be Missing You Shape Of My Heart Favorite My favorite song Is â€Å"Englishman In New York†.Sting wrote this song about himself, about his life in the USA. Some lines from it don't drink coffee I take tea, my dear,l like my toast done on the sideband you can hear it in my accent when I talk an Englishman in New York Today, I listen to a lot of folk songs with my child who Is three years old. My son Is very fond of folk songs, especially Sultan Kodiak and Bell Bartok songs and choral works. When I was 7 years old, I went to the Sultan Kodiak elementary school, so I know a lot of folk songs. My son's favorite Hey Varying ©If you have time, I often listen to the radio, I like almost all genres. I like any kind of music and I have already been to deferent concerts with my friends The members of hooligans known each other since childhood and had even played together. In 1996, the band was founded Hooligans, The band consists of four members There are plenty of awards and recognition received in recent years. In the future, I will want to go to a concert hooligans. My husband and my child loves this band. We listen this music in the car when we travel somewhere.

What is Reflective Essay Essay Example

What is Reflective Essay Essay Example What is Reflective Essay Essay What is Reflective Essay Essay Essay Topic: Reflective What is Reflective Essay This reflective essay presents my thoughts and responses to the widely known works on personality theories. Guided by the lecture materials provided, I was able to have a strong starting point to explore further on the crucial components for evaluating ones personality. Even though I became interested in this area, I must accept that it is quite demanding and complicated to come up with new ideas to consequently understand and predict human behaviour as stated by Dr Bellak in Psychoanalytic theory of personality. Before I started learning this area, I normally thought that behaviour was only unique and that genetics played a role only on the phenotype of an individual. However, most theories prove that heredity has a significant role in a persons personality. This has been illustrated by theorists such as Buss and Plomin in the Temperament theory (Schultz, 2012), Cattell in Behavioural genetics and others. I found that Cattells factor-analytic theory on personality is an interesting as well as a realistic approach to analyse an individuals behaviour, however, complex; since it considers very many factors. Cattell states that personality is ones behaviour when subjected to a particular situation. He further explains that traits build up personality whereby they are basically an individuals permanent reaction tendencies. In my opinion, the motive of the theory stands out as an ideal way to determine behaviour since it entails not to change ones behaviour but rather study it. On the other hand, Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality states that ones personality can be determined from analysing the past. The Psychoanalytic theory also borrows much from doctors whereby doctors depend on a patients history so as to diagnose their illness. While I was exploring the various theories and assessing my current personality in relation to my previous situations, I see that the people I have interacted with and my response to certain environmental stimuli have greatly actualised my personality. As explained by McCrae and Costa, the stability of the factors is inevitable if done over a particular period. This explains my current extroversive behaviour, which started soon after removing my braces. Furthermore, I second McCrae and Costas emotional correlates because ever since extroversive developed in me, my stress levels no longer hit sky levels as they did. I always keep my friends and parents close for support in such times who normally remind me that everything is/will be fine. However, I think their Big Five Factor model is greatly generalised therefore more research has to be done to further break the factors for a comprehensive list of factors for understanding human personality. In the case of cultural influence to an individuals personality, I believe that personality development is certainly environmental rather than heredity. The Big five factors by McCrae and Costa present that the factors are cross-cultural depending on where you are. They illustrate this theory using findings from different countries around the world where those who resided in these environments scored higher on factors being promoted by the societal culture.;Cattell also explains that behaviour can be moulded by environmental factors in his classification of traits, which as you should remember, are basic units of our personality. Because of my exploration of such theories, I developed the notion of fully understanding why some behaviour are tolerable in certain cultures while intolerable in other cultures. Freuds perception of human personality really stood out in understanding my personality. However, this was the result of deeply going through his many theories since the word about him was popular although I did not understand his notion. In my case, I understand that my Id is responsible for my midnight crisps snack which satisfies my want at that but then my superego kicks-in making me feel bad for having a snack at that hour. Nonetheless, my ego has plays a crucial role in making my life instances in sync. I also came to the realisation that irrational behaviour is attributed by an over-indulgent Id seeking pleasures, both positive and negative. Thus, I think I understand why models strain themselves on a diet; it is because their Id is out of control. ;;;;;;;;;;;The exploration of the psychological factors of human personality has also brought me in the light of how psychological defence mechanisms are responsible for maintaining our emotional homoeostasis. I have also realised that without these mechanisms, our conscious mind will be vulnerable to negative emotional stimuli like the ones emanated from sadness and anxiety. My psychological mechanism when someone I love, or have a crush on, breaks my heart, I usually apply disassociation until I get over them. It is a perfect way to defend the negative emotional input I get. Ultimately, I found that this tactic had been already been suggested various personality theorists such as Freud (1894/1964), Allen and Lolafaye (1995), Vaillant (1977) and others. Vaillant (1977) described dissociation as a psychological mechanism that allows the ego to change the internal state, therefore, making the pain of conflict seem irrelevant. My mechanism to emotional conflict is in the form of emotio nal numbing. However, disassociation can take numerous forms such as depersonalisation and derealisation, absorption and imaginative involvement, identity defragmentation, and amnesia. In a professional setting, this approach is used by those working in emergency situations since failure to do so will interfere with their work operations. I found the topic on psychological defence mechanisms by Bowin (2004) interest as I read it and assessed it on my behaviour as well as that of my peers and others. The cognitive distortion mechanism was a fine topic that made me understand why and how humans cognitively make negative emotional input seem positive despite its reality. Bowin (2004) classifies cognitive distortion mechanisms into three defence categories whereby mature defences are presented by middle-age persons. Kaplan et al. (1994) state that mature defence mechanisms consist of sublimation and humour where humour makes a threateningly disturbing scenario seem light. In deed, this mechanism is usually exhibited by most people before they go on to solving the cause. Other defence mechanisms include neurotic/intermediate defence mechanisms such as rationalisation and immature defences such as projection, somatisation and hypochondriasis. Nonetheless, my reasoning on the psychological defence mechanisms is similar to th at of Trijsburg et al. (2000) who suggest that the defence mechanisms should be perceived as levels of maturity. At my current age, I am used to particular negative input and sometimes put some humour into it or simply act rationally on it. Position in family constellation influences lifestyle is an exciting personality theory that made me relate it totally to my behaviour and recap my experiences growing up as a first born in our family of four. The theory by Alfred Adler is based on a family setting that is not large enough where the first born and the following siblings may strive for their parents attention. Adler (1937) explains that it is possible for a first born to grow and be either good or the following siblings bad, or vice versa. Adler also discusses the challenges of growing up as an only child and the youngest child. The theory depicts how the eldest child fears to be dethrone hence does all possibilities to stay in his position and as the second child comes of age, he or she will take up the alternate trait not acquired by the eldest son. My opinion and a hypothesis on this theory is that it the dethroning effect may be present in a family when same gender children are brought up. To defend my point, the sibling after me and I have maintained good manners, however, our third born, being the same gender as our second born, grew to have bad traits. Though, mine is just a hypothesis based on our family structure. Adler also explains the challenges of an only child, which have convinced me. He argues that an only child usually grows to be spoilt and dependant. In deed, this may be the case since an only child usually gets all he or she wants because they are at a position to enjoy much of the parent(s) budget on the extras. Also, Adler narrates of how an only child is more vulnerable to acquiring homosexual traits. Although his narration so as to bring out his point is convincing, I would feel more satisfied if the theory was formulated empirically. This reflective essay has comprehensively documented my reflection of the existing works of theories pertaining human personality. It took into consideration my personality based on my experiences hence my developed personality and also the personal differences of other people and myself. The essay starts with theories aimed at personality development. The Factor-analysis theories focus on studying an individuals behaviour when subjected to a particular situation, rather than the classical approaches which aimed at changing an individuals behaviour. I found out that personality development is mostly related to heredity while environmental factors only shape a persons character. On the other hand, psychological defence mechanism theories also play a huge role in presenting behaviour. They are theories that suggest methods by which negative emotional inputs are handled by different people. I found out that these theories were not comprehensive where they lacked an answer to the question: are they environmentally or hereditarily acquired. Generally, I found this exercise ideal to understand what milestones have been already moved and which ones are yet to be moved. I look forward to coming up with a profound hypothesis to look into based on the facts I have presented above.;;;;;;;;;;;;;

Comparing Societies 1500 1800 essays

Comparing Societies 1500 1800 essays During the period from 1500 to 1800, religious and political unity was strongest in Islamic Empires and East Asia; while Europe was in complete turmoil with no religious and political unity. The Catholic Church during this time had become a very corrupt institution, and there was hardly any town in Europe during the late Middle Ages which did not have complaints against their clergy. There were complaints of maladministration, concubinage, or fiscalism of clergy, and the church was involved in selling of important ecclesiastical posts to the highest bidder and imposing regular indulgences on people, not only to remit their sins, but, the sins of their dead ones. All these factors accumulated to lay the foundation for the Protestant Reformation, which was to leave Europe in a political and religious turmoil for over three centuries. (Craig, Pg. 424 426) Although Martin Luther was the first one to start Reformation in Germany, almost all different nations had their own versions of Reformation, which were not related to each other. For example, the Reformation in Geneva was led by John Calvin, while the Swiss Reformation was led by Ulrich Zwingli. Although all the Reformation Movements had the basic idea of returning to early Christianity and boycott the corrupt practices of Catholic Church, still instead of combining together as one force against the Catholic Church, they had their own issues amongst themselves and in the long race developed a hatred for each other. This was evident from The Marburg Colloquy, when Landgrave Philip of Hesse, sought to unite both Swiss and German Protestants in a mutual defense pact. However, his efforts were foiled as the leaders of the two Reformation Movements had a disagreement over the nature of Christs presence in the Eucharist. (Craig Pg. 429) Although the different movements were not able to combine together, still the movement was overall a success. With the expansion of Prote...

Enterprise Culture in the Organization and Strategy Essay

Enterprise Culture in the Organization and Strategy - Essay Example Change is inevitable and is the only constant factor that can keep on happening from time to time. Industrial environments change with time, courtesy to a number of macroeconomic factors like the buyer’s power, the influence of technology, political environments and most obviously the performance of the global economy (Grant, 2005, p. 272). To stay ahead in the global competition and sustain itself in the marketplace, global corporations as well as small and medium enterprises have to respond to these changing business environment and are increasingly trying to inculcate innovation among the products and services that they are offering to other business or to the end consumers. Product Innovation for companies offering products in the open market is very essential to survive in the competitive global war zone. Innovation can be radical or incremental in nature. A quick glance at the evolution of today’s highly popular digitized cameras will explain the two concepts in t he most perfect manner. Radical innovation happened when old Polaroid cameras were replaced by companies with the highly advanced digital cameras. Companies to keep up with fast pace of consumer demands and in order to cater to whims and fancies of consumers, due to their increased buying power have started to have an entire division of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, which will be responsible for providing necessary innovations and modifications within the product offerings by staying within the boundaries of the organization or even trying to develop something on their own, which will be in line with the mother organization’s needs, requirements and objectives. Many a times, it has been found out by various studies that radical and even incremental innovations have happened on the shoulders of an entrepreneurship effort of someone within the organization or even outside the organization. Large corporations and even small and medium enterprises are increasingly encouraging entrepreneurship and motivating current or even ex employees of organization to don the hat of an entrepreneur and work under the company’s brand name, while developing, promoting and marketing their own brands or ventures. Even many a times, it has been noticed that ex employees of large organizations after working in the organization for a lot of years, and developing the required skills, insights and expertise leave the organization in an effort to do something on their own or even to pursue their hobbies or dreams, which people can identify as zeal of an entrepreneurship drive of the individual. Companies are increasingly recognizing employees, who are giving the extra effort to push things forward and trying to being a change agent. Basically, a certain clan of people in each and every organization, who generally put in the shoes of an entrepreneur within the job role, he or she is assigned to by the company. When these groups of highly self motivated people are willing to try something on

Positivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Positivism - Essay Example Legal systems are not static, immutable structures but rather mutable, and ever-changing organisms. The fact that they are constantly changing means that some constancy as regards to the need to obey the "rules" of a legal system is needed. Otherwise there is chaos. The apparent paradox within the idea that "the mere fact that a rule is just or reasonable will not make it a law" and also, "nor does the injustice of a rule demonstrate that it is not a law" is in fact satisfied by an understanding that laws are, by their nature, limited in scope. Laws cover a finite number of situations whereas the experience of life for the series of individual human beings that make up a society is infinite. Thus it might well be "just" and/or "reasonable" to have a rule that people should be "kind to one another", but this will not make such a law feasible. Conversely, a rule that says that people of different races cannot marry (as occurred in the US South) is not made invalid as a law just because it is unjust. The morality (or otherwise) of a rule is, within the positivist sense, irrelevant to whether or not it is a law. It is a law because it is held within a complex legal structure that defines it as "law". If laws are essentially arbitrary in nature, why should citizens of ... The citizen gives up his "freedom" to do whatever he wants, and thus to break certain laws, in exchange for the government's promise to protect his/her safety. Thus a citizen stops at a red light - thus giving up his innate "freedom" to pass through it - in exchange for the government enforcing red light laws that will enable him to safely drive down the street when the light turns green. This is a very 'modern' theory of obedience to rules and laws, based as it is upon the idea that the government and its people have essentially mutual interests. Within Rousseau's vision, the State clearly exists to serve the People. Some earlier theories of jurisprudence relied upon more authoritarian principles of law obedience that, despite their age, still have relevance today. John Austin, with his The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832) suggested the idea of "habitual obedience", that is obedience given to a sovereign (or perhaps elected government) based upon a fear of sanctions. Crudely, people obey the law because they fear the consequences if they do not. On a superficial level Austin's ideas seem self-evident: people do avoid breaking the law because of the consequences if they do on an individual level. However, if a whole system of laws is based solely (or nearly completely) on "habitual obedience" then it is by nature fragile and ripe for change. A frightened people has no loyalty to the system of laws other than that which is forced upon them. If they get the chance to successfully rise up, or if another member of the ruling class sees a chance at taking over, then it is likely to occur. Habitual obedience occurs within totalitarian states and dictatorships, but these are often short-lived, while superficially

Review of the Strategic Situation of Air Asia X Essay

Review of the Strategic Situation of Air Asia X - Essay Example The essay "Review of the Strategic Situation of Air Asia X" presents a review of the strategic situation of Air Asia X based on the case study â€Å"AirAsia X: Can the low-cost model go long haul?†. This essay also examines AirAsia X’s business environment, analyses AirAsiaX’s current strategy and appraises the strategy. The airline industry in Malaysia is highly developed. The state has emphasized on the industry’s infrastructure so that the services provided in the industry are kept at high quality. The airline industry in Malaysia is a close industry; there are only two competitors AirAsia X and the Malaysian Airline System. Since 2011, efforts have started for ‘a share swap’ between the two firms. The Chief Executive of Air Asia Group would acquire the 20% of the shares of MAS. The terms of this agreement have not been verified by both parties. In the beginning of 2012, the Maybank Investment Bank warned that the country’s airline industry should expect to face strong turbulences due to the recession developed in West. Since 2011, a decline in the industry’s profits has appeared, a trend that leads to concerns about the industry’s prospects in the future. In June 2012 IATA stated that the profits of the global airline industry for 2012 would be expected to be significantly reduced due to the increase in the price of oil and the debt crisis in the European Union. One of the most known frameworks for the analysis of a firm’s strategic decisions is the Five Forces model of Porter.

Electronic Health Records Essay Example for Free

Electronic Health Records Essay Implementing a new electronic health records (EHR) system to replace manual records is an extremely complicated task. EHRs use complex algorithms to exchange patient data among different physicians and departments such as a pharmacy and laboratory. EHRs are becoming popular because employees and patients can access records anytime and anywhere. Patient drug alerts are also part of the system to warn emergency room and intensive care nurses about potential drug reactions. A needs assessment is a systematic procedure to determine what components are required for EHR implementation to prevent failure of the highly costly investment. Although EHR systems have been shown to dramatically reduce human error, proper assessment before undergoing the implementation process is critical or errors and costs could actually increase. An EHR assessment must be completed before the software packages can be selected to ensure it is conformed perfectly to the specialized needs of the hospital. According to the California Medical Association the assessment has two steps: 1.) Readiness Assessment; and 2.) Work Flow Analysis (Ginsberg et al., n.d.). The assessment should be done by a seasoned group of engineers, physicians, lab workers, billing staff, pharmacists, and nurses to collaborate so that each department increases patient safety and efficient care. The assessment should include a web-based demonstration that allows all stakeholders to identify gaps that would hinder their job responsibilities. Once the needs assessment has been done and vendors chosen as potential suppliers, the readiness assessment should begin. One of the most important data to collect is financial resources. Are more physicians going to be  hired that will increase training costs? Can the organization truly afford the upstart investment and ongoing computer support? Space considerations are also critical to evaluate because most closets are too small for the new EHR platforms that have huge servers. High-speed internet capabilities are a must for EHR data exchange between stakeholders. Moreover, are existing medical records planned to be thinned to put the data into the new system? If so, data needs to be destroyed according to HIPP protocol to protect patient confidentiality. The work flow analysis portion of the needs assessment looks at step-by-step procedures. Examples are scheduling, diagnostic tests, and reviewing tests, prescribing medication, clinical notes, and billing data (Ginsberg et al., n.d.). Other data to be analyzed for the EHR system should be medical history forms, lists of current medications vital signs, insurance, and referrals. The flow of steps in this planning process involves network upgrades, expanding server room space, a Medicare fraud plan, selection of three EHR vendors, visiting other hospitals using the systems, negotiating, and finally select the model that is best suited to all stakeholders. A 10-year study done by the Canada Health Info way about who should be consulted during adoption of an EHR system looked at 29 key stakeholders involved in establishing policy (Rozenblum et al., 2001). They found that stakeholders should be consulted from a bottom-up, clinical needs approach first because they will be the heaviest users of the system. This means physicians, nurses, certified nursing assistants, billers, lab workers, and pharmacy employees need to have significant input into selecting what aspects are most important. The number one reason for implementation failure is inadequate involvement of line-worker clinicians (Rozenblum et al., 2001). Therefore, the informatics team must work very closely with these stakeholders. Other critical stakeholders to consult are the finance department to ensure how much funding is available. Patients are also important stakeholders because no one wants their health information linked to a huge system that is insecure and prone to hacking confidential medical records. Policy makers at the executive organizational and governmental level also have powerful sway over which EHR is chosen. Lack of  collaboration among these diverse groups can delay implementation of the system for decades. Appropriate needs assessment provides relevant feedback to upper management. This helps these higher-ups make wise decisions based on financial resources, training needs for staff, vendor choice, and whether or not EHR is even necessary (Hartzler et al, 2013). Upper management is also provided with the ability to analyze which employees should have access to the system (or what parts of the system) to complete their designated tasks. Gaps between â€Å"wants† and â€Å"needs† can also be identified so that valuable resources are analyzed in cost-benefit analysis. Training needs or additional hiring of employees can also be anticipated to prevent glitches in the system due to human error. EHR systems can increase profit margins and protect patients from human error if assessed closely prior to purchase and implementation. References Ginsberg, D. (n.d.). Successful preparation and implementation of an electronic health records system. Best Practices: A guide for improving the efficiency and quality of your practice. Retrieved December 26, 2014 at https://www.cmanet.org/files/pdf/ehr/best-practices-7.pdf. Hartzler, A. et al. (2013). Stakeholder engagement: A key component of integrating genomic information into electronic health records. Genetics in Medicine, 15, 792-801. Rozenblum, R. (2001). A qualitative study of Canada’s experience with the implementation of electronic health information technology. CMAJ, 183(5), E281-E288.

Foreign Investment In The Philippines Marketing Essay

Foreign Investment In The Philippines Marketing Essay After researching the background of the Philippines economically, politically and socially, our company believes that it is ready to venture our business into the Philippines. What kind of business sector should the company look into that is not only suitable for the local but also profitable to the corporation? In year 2012, Philippines population has reached 103,775,002 and the increasing numbers of population has made the country the 12th largest population in the world today (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012). Due to the increasing population, it has opened up opportunity for foreign companies such as ours to create business investments in the Philippines. There are numbers of industry that our corporation can look into when thinking of doing business in the Philippines, for example the hotel industry. Philippines is well known for their beautiful beaches islands and attractive tourist destination thus tourism is one of the main economy in the Philippines. The spokesperson of Philippines Tourism, Abigail Valte, states that tourism has contributed US$12.83billion for the country and it has not only helps the economics of citizens of Philippines but it also contributes to their improved standard of living (Eturbonews, 2012). Besides the hotel industry, it is recommended that our company looks at stepping into the food and beverage industry. This is because eating good food has become one of the Filipinos habits. An average person will consume three heavy meals in a day but an average Pinoy can actually eat about 7 to 8 heavy meals which consists of the normal breakfast, snacks, lunch and dinner and additional of three meals which are merienda, pica-pica, pulutan. (Matthew Sutherland, 2010). Not only that, their love of food is proven when 0.8 out of 1 of their advertisements talks about food whether you are in a bus or cab, and advertisements on television channels also will include food (Panda B, 2011). Lastly, venturing into the fashion retail industry in the Philippines can be another option. Retailing has been one of the major contributors in job offering to the locals as well as one of the reasons behind of the success of the Philippines economy. According to The Philippine Retailers Association, retailing has contributed 15 percent of their gross national product (The Philippine Retailers Association, 2012). Other than that, Americans and the Spanish have exposed Filipinos to Western culture since the colonization. In addition, pinoys always wanted to look for new gadgets and clothes that are in the current market. Moreover, because of globalization and the use of the Internet, famous clothing brands such as Zara is successful within the Philippines. Retail Clothing Industry Our company should also consider venturing into the retail fashion and clothing industry in the Philippines. Retail clothing or apparel refers to the sales of products such as menswear, womens wear, and childrens clothes to consumers usually from a physical store in an area. The retail industry has seen tremendous growth over the past several years in the Philippines. According to the Philippine Retailers Association (2012), the retail industry contributes about 15% to the total gross national product (GNP) of Philippines. Furthermore, the retail sector creates employment for approximately 5.25 million people, equivalent to 18% of the labor force in the Philippines. Retail industry constitutes 33% to the Philippine service sector (Philippine Retailers Association, 2012). Therefore, it is possible for our company to benefit from the retail sector in the Philippines. The growth potential in the retail sector for our company is relatively positive. In 2010, Business Monitor International (BMI) reported in the Q111 BMI Philippines Retail Report that retail sales were forecasted to grow from PHP1.40 trillion (US$31.42 billion)  in 2011 to PHP1.65 trillion (US$37.06 billion)  by 2014 (Business Monitor International, 2010). This is due to consumer spending and the increasing level of income. Furthermore, an increase in dual-income families and young professionals can also potentially enhance retail sales. In recent years, in order to attract foreign investment and maintain global competitiveness, the Philippine government has also opened up its retail sector to foreign companies. In 2000, this is done through the Republic Act 8762, which is also known as the Retail Trade Liberalization Act. Section 2 of the Retail Trade Liberalization Act states that it is the policy of the State to promote consumer welfare in attracting promoting and welcoming productive investment that will bring down price for the Filipino consumer, create more jobs, promote tourism, assist small manufacturers, stimulate economic growth and enable Philippine goods and services to become globally competitive through the liberalization of the retail trade sector. Pursuant to this policy, the Philippine retail industry is hereby liberalized to encourage Filipino and competitive retail trade sector in the interest of empower the Filipino consumer through lower prices, higher quality goods, better services and wider cho ices (Republic Act 8762, 2000). This gives our company the opportunity to benefit from the incentives provided by this trade liberalization act when we venture into the clothing and fashion stores in the Philippines. As fashion and clothing lines generally targeted towards the young adult demographic, Philippines growing younger population play an important role in retail consumption. Based on UN data, Filipinos between the ages of 20 to 44 has been forecasted to increase to about 39% by 2015, 63% of the population will be economically active in 2015 and 70% of the population will be located in urban areas (Business Monitor International, 2010). The Philippines also has a thriving fashion industry and the citizens are fashion conscious, especially in the metropolitan areas such as Manila and other major cities. Every season, the Philippine Fashion Week is hosted to display designs from top brands around the world and local Philippine designers as well. In order for this firm to venture into the fashion business in the Philippines, the firm would need a platform in which to create exposure for the product and the Philippine Fashion Week can be an ideal place to start building brand recognition for our firm. Moreover, our company can also take advantage of the local talent pool and hire Filipino design experts with superior knowledge of the fashion industry in the Philippines. Entry Mode There are several ways that our company can enter the retail clothing industry in the Philippines. There are many ways to sell and distribute clothing in this todays world. Some retailers market and sell their clothes and products online, shipping directly to the consumer. Others open a physical boutique or retail outlet in locations such as shopping malls, flea markets, and so on. We suggest the company to look into establishing its own clothing brand or committing to a joint venture by procuring a stake in an existing brand of clothing in the Philippines. These two methods of entering the retail market have its own benefits and drawbacks to our company. Our company can look into building its own brand by producing and selling its own garments in retail outlets in the Philippines. As a foreign brand, the Philippines is an ideal market to establish the companys foothold as a retail clothing brand because Filipinos are receptive to foreign clothing brands such as Zara, Topshop and Gap. The younger urban Philippine citizens often purchase foreign brands; therefore, our company should look into setting up its new branch in a major city such as Manila before expanding the business to other parts of the country. Furthermore, our company can also set up an online platform in order to reach customers in the broader Philippine region as well. Setting up an entire new clothing brand can be challenging for our company as well as costly. However, our company should look into reducing production costs by manufacturing within the Philippines to reduce cost of transporting or lower manufacturing costs by outsourcing the production to a country with cheaper labor. The United States Department of Labor (2011) found that the hourly compensation costs in manufacturing in 2010 in the Philippines is $1.90, which is the lowest among all the countries compared in its study including Mexico, Taiwan and Brazil and others. On the other hand, our company can look into creating a joint venture with a local brand or a local designer. The Philippines has many talented local fashion designers that may not have the resources to manufacture and sell their clothing. Our company can provide the funds necessary for these designers to create a clothing line to sell to consumers. In this sense, our company saves cost in conducting market research, hiring new personnel to observe the industry trends and hiring designers to come up with new clothing because the designers are equipped with the knowledge of the fashion industry in the Philippines and are better versed in the fashion industry. This option is less risky than Greenfield venture because the company has limited liability should the venture fail. The company will only have fewer losses from the capital provided to the designer as compared to capital losses from creating an entire new brand from scratch. Food and Beverage Industry There are a few business sectors that our company could consider venturing in the Philippines. One of it is the Food Beverage (FB) industry. FB is an industry that specializes in the making of, conceptualization, and delivery of foods. The biggest sector in FB employees are in restaurants and bars, which includes hotels, resorts, and casinos. Based on statistics by the Department of Primary Industries (DPI) in Victoria (2009), Philippines is one of the worlds youngest population and fastest growing populations, which is 96 million and 65% of its people below 30 years of age. The difference between the rich and poor is large with 30% of them living below the poverty line. This wide gulf results in very contrasting food consumptions trends in the Philippines. In general, locally produced products are consumed and low-medium priced imported products are consumed by traditional markets whereas medium-high priced imported products are mainly found in five star hotel restaurants and foreign owned supermarkets in major urban centres such as Manila. The majority of food consumed by the Filipinos are mainly manufactured by local companies such as San Miguel and RFM Corporation, which produces all major food sectors, such as processed meat products, processed fruit and vegetables products, dairy products and snacks. These manufactured food plus with fresh meat, fruits and vegetables are the typical food for the low-middle class Filipinos, who are the dominant consumer in the Philippines. However, middle-high income earners are demanding for non-traditional and imported foods that are ready-to-eat and in turn for a modernization in the food-retailing sector. This is a good opportunity for our company to venture in the Philippines by exporting our local goods to meet their demands. According to a company that organizes trade expositions (2012), this year itself the foods and beverages industry is expected to grow around 5% to 10%, stimulated by the demand of healthier foods and beverages. As said by Mildred Caballero (2012), president of Tradecon, Right now, there is more focus on health food and health-related products. Now, when people buy food, they look for health benefits. That is the strength of the industry right now, in an interview at the fifth annual Philippines International Food and Beverage Expo. Other factors that influence and shape the countrys demand for food and beverage products are the Filipinos food-oriented culture that stresses on frequent snacking, the youth oriented food market (35% of the population is below 15 years old), the increasing workforce participation by women and dual income households, which results in greater demand for convenience food that is easy to prepare, and also the western influence on the food and beverage market . Entry Mode As consumers in the Philippines are becoming more health conscious, our company could export our local products and increase the range of their organic products. Although countries like United States and New Zealand are the top exporters of packaged foods to the Philippines, there is still opportunity for our company to provide them with healthier packaged food products such as seafood-based, vegetarian, all natural and organic products. It is also expected that more Filipinos are moving to urban areas due to better job opportunities and demand for easy meal preparation packaged food products will definitely increase. Apart from their traditional Filipino dishes being the majority meal solution, there are still opportunities for our local cuisine as the market slowly evolves to globalization. Despite that, we will have to consider factors like affordability due to limited disposable income of most households. Hotels and Accommodation The other business that is suitable in the Philippines is the hotel and resort business. As we know that, the hotel industry is related to the tourism industry in one country. Anticipating the tourism industry in the country can bring the answer whether to enter the market of hotel industry in that country is a valid decision. The tourism industry of Philippines had kept on building up as visitor arrivals from January to September 2012 had reached an amount of 3,149,985 for a 9.08% topping over last years arrivals of 2,887,715 for the same time of the year. Most markets throughout the mentioned period had showed increasing growth rates. Korea continued as the Philippiness top tourist market with 752,918 arrivals, for 23.90% of the total visitor volume, and displaying an expansion of 9.61%. Korea is followed by the U.S.A., which made up 485,484 or 15.41% of the total visitor arrivals. This market increase 4.01% from the 466,767 visitors registered for the same time last year. In the meantime, Japan supplied 311,008 arrivals for 9.87% share to total visitor volume, increasing the percentage up by 8.52% from 2011. China positioned at the fourth place with 6.25% share of the total visitor volume or total visitor arrivals of 196,926. This market registered total visitor arrivals of 171, 981 versus its double-digit expansion of 14.50% a year ago. Taiwan is positioned at fifth with 171,420 arrivals for a 5.44% share of the total visitor volume. This market expanded by 25.39% from 136,713 arrivals registered last year, therefore, setting the uppermost growth rate amongst the top five markets. After examining the tourism aspect of the Philippines, we also took the business environment of Philippines into consideration. With the lifting of restrictions on the foreign investment law, 100% foreign equity may be approved in all sectors of investment apart from those held in reserve for Filipinos by consent of the Philippine Constitution and existing laws. A foreign corporation has to initially acquire the essential licenses or registrations from the proper government organization. For corporations or partnerships, the required incorporation documents from the Securities and Exchange Commission must be attained. The government of Philippines appreciates the critical role of private sector investments and, thus, pledges to constantly improve the business environment. Foreign investments are inspired to fulfill capital gaps, assist in provide employment, enhance production, and supply a base for the overall growth of the economy.  Investment laws and regulations have therefore been loosened to ease the entry of foreign investments. Entry Mode There are a few form of entry that can be considered in entering the hotel industry in Philippines. The form of entry that is deemed suitable is through merger and acquisition. Mergers and acquisitions  (M A) is a common term used to signify the combining of companies. A merger is the merging of two companies to create a new company, whereas an acquisition is the acquirement of a company by another where no new company is established. (Investopedia, 2012) We have chosen this form of entry with valid reasons. Due to the established market in Philippines, it is appropriate to use this form of entry to enter the market. Using MA also provides a certain advantage that is to minimize the time needed to start the business which includes building a hotel or resort from scratches. The effort of gathering human resources to manage the business is also nullified to the minimum since the basic labor force has already existed and the company only needs to delegate the management sector of the business. Since the hotel industry is a high capital and high risk business, we avoid using the Greenfield form of entry for the risk it imposes. Currency and the International Monetary Policy The currency in Philippines is Peso or officially piso. The currency code or an international abbreviation for Peso is PHP and the symbol of it would be P (a line or a double line in the middle of the capital P). The currency rankings show that the most popular Philippines Peso exchange rate is the PHP to USD rate. Peso is divided into 100 centavos (officially centimo). Currently in November 2012, the U.S. dollar is worth about 41 pesos and the Euro about 52 pesos. Current are coins of 1, 5, 10, and 25 centavos and 1 and 5 pesos, and bank notes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 pesos. Five and ten peso note is no longer printed, but still legal tender. In 1997, all old Philippine currency was replaced by new banknotes and coins. Notes from before 1997 cannot be used anymore. In December 2010, a new series of banknotes was announced. The old notes will remain valid for at least three more years. New coins have been announced for 2012. The Security Plant Complex of the Bangko Se ntral ng Pilipinas is where the coins and banknotes are made. In 2009, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas announced that has launched a massive redesign for current banknotes and coins to further enhance security features and improve durability. Sources from Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the members of the numismatic committee include Bangko Sentral Deputy Governor Diwa Guinigundo and Dr. Ambeth Ocampo Chairman of the National Historical Institute. The new banknote designs feature famous Filipinos and iconic natural wonders. Philippine national symbols will be depicted on coins. The BSP started releasing the initial batch of new banknotes in December 2010 while new coins will be introduced beginning 2012. Current banknotes will remain legal tender for at least three years exactly in December 2013. Table below is the current exchange rates taken last updated on Tuesday, 6 November 16:00 Currency Code Rate Rate pesos / foreign currency foreign currency / peso US dollar USD 41.251 0.024242 Euro EUR 52.801 0.018939 Japanese yen JPY 0.51463 1.9431 Australian dollar AUD 43.057 0.023225 Brasilian real BRL 20.282 0.049304 Bulgarian lev BGN 26.997 0.037041 Canadian dollar CAD 41.504 0.024094 Chinese yuan renminbi CNY 6.5865 0.15183 Croatian kuna HRK 7.0098 0.14266 Czech koruna CZK 2.0866 0.47925 Danish krone DKK 7.0777 0.14129 Hong Kong dollar HKD 5.3225 0.18788 Hungarian forint HUF 0.18737 5.3370 Indian rupee INR 0.75780 1.3196 Indonesian rupiah IDR 0.0042883 233.20 Israeli New Shekel ILS 10.588 0.094443 Latvian lats LVL 75.831 0.013187 Lithuanian litas LTL 15.292 0.065393 Malaysian ringgit MYR 13.463 0.074277 Mexican peso MXN 3.1699 0.31546 New Romanian leu RON 11.684 0.085586 New Turkish lira TRY 23.218 0.043069 New Zealand dollar NZD 34.173 0.029263 Norwegian krone NOK 7.2113 0.13867 Polish zloty PLN 12.813 0.078048 Pound sterling GBP 65.923 0.015169 Russian rouble RUB 1.3100 0.76335 Singapore dollar SGD 33.715 0.029660 South African rand ZAR 4.7359 0.21115 South Korean won KRW 0.037819 26.442 Swedish krona SEK 6.1596 0.16235 Swiss franc CHF 43.728 0.022869 Thai baht THB 1.3410 0.74569 The Philippines has used the floating exchange rate system for many years. As a result, it was not one of the Asian Tigers that thrived under fixed exchange rates. When the tiger economies moved to the floating exchange rate system, their economies collapsed in what is was called the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. In recent years, the Philippines have moved away from a strict application of the floating exchange rate system (Central Banks description of policy). Philippine banks are allowed to purchase foreign currency for their own accounts, following the Central Banks guidelines. These guidelines require depository banks to maintain 100% cover for their foreign currency liabilities (except for US dollar denominated repurchase agreements with the Central Bank- Section 73). In addition, the Central Bank admits that it intervenes in the market to stabilize the currency and ensure the competitiveness of Philippine products. From the official foreign reserves, the Philippines now build up official foreign reserves and since 2003 has had current account surpluses. Its foreign investments have increased from the equivalent of 2.6 months imports in 1995 to the equivalent of more than 9 months imports in 2009. It appears to be stabilizing the exchange rate and raising its foreign reserves. This movement away from the strict application of Friedmans floating exchange rate system is injecting new money into the Philippine economy, thereby stimulating economic growth, which reached 8% in real terms in 2007. At the same time, it is improving the external balance of payments position of its economy. In addition, it is contributing to the economic growth of the Philippines. The graph below shows the growth imports and exports in the Philippines. The global financial crisis has reduced exports in 2008 and 2009 and reduced imports in 2009. http://www.buoyanteconomies.com/Philip1.gif Exports and Imports in current dollar terms (source Central Bank of the Philippines) Even so, further reform to monetary policy of the Philippines could see that economy grow more rapidly to utilize the existing high level of unemployed resources while maintaining balance of payments stability.